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The Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company was a philanthropic model dwellings company, formed in London in 1885, during the Victorian era. In 1952, it was renamed the Industrial Dwellings Society (1885) Ltd. and is today known as (IDS ).〔(IDS website )〕 The IDS manages over 1,400 properties in the London Boroughs of Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, Redbridge, Hertsmere and Barnet. Its president is Sir Evelyn de Rothschild, a descendent of the banker Nathan Mayer Rothschild, who founded the Society. ==History== The foundation of the company followed the United Synagogue's enquiry into "spiritual destitution" in 1884.〔(jewisheastend.com )〕 The company was founded in 1885 by Rothschild and a board of other prominent, Jewish philanthropists including Frederick Mocatta and Samuel Montagu, to provide "the industrial classes with commodious and healthy Dwellings at a minimum rent".〔(20th Century London )〕 The company was founded as a private capital concern, with capital of £50,000 in 5000 shares of £10 each: It is estimated that if the rentals were based on a net return of 4 per cent excellent accommodation consisting of two rooms, a small scullery, and w.c. could be supplied at a weekly rental of five shillings per tenement; and it is considered that many investors will be found willing and even anxious to contribute their capital towards a scheme, which while yielding a moderate and safe return, will largely tend, not only to improve the dwellings of the poor, but also reduce the high rates now paid for the minimum of accommodation.〔''Jewish Chronicle'', 13 March 1885〕 Of this, Rothschild himself subscribed £10,000, and even paid for the site of the Company's first project (in Flower and Dean Street, Spitalfields) himself, months before the first meeting of the Company directors.〔White, J. (1980) ''Rothschild Buildings: life in an East End tenement block, 1887-1920'', p.21〕 These first buildings were to be known as Charlotte de Rothschild Buildings, after Lord Rothschild's mother,〔 and took up parts of Thrawl Street, Flower and Dean Street, and George Street, Spitalfields.〔''Jewish Chronicle'', 10 December 1886〕 The majority of the Four Per Cent Company's tenants were Jewish.〔 By 1905, it had built six large blocks (known as 'Rothschild houses'〔 comprising around 1,500 flats,〔 or 3,800 rooms.〔Tarn, JN (1973) ''Five per cent philanthropy'' London:CUP, p.104〕 "Each had two rooms, shared a toilet and kitchen with the adjacent flat, and opened to outdoor halls and stairways. In order to reimburse investors at the promised rate, the six storey buildings occupies no less than 50% of the ground space and tenants paid about 5s to 6s a week (25p to 30p). These grey stone houses were drab and draughty, but they were also solid and sanitary, and were probably better flats than those in other projects of the time."〔Gartner, LP, ''The Jewish Immigrant 1870-1914''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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